Yet explorations of how performances of gender may (or may not) shape young men who have sex with men’s (YMSM) sexual decision-making remain in their infancy, despite the fact that YMSM are at the forefront of the HIV epidemic in the US-male–to-male sexual contact accounts for a majority of new HIV cases (e.g., 56% of new infections in 2009), and the most dramatic increases in new infections occurring among MSM between the ages of 13-24 ( CDC, 2011). In heterosexual transmission, power imbalances in sexual negotiation derived from restrictive male and female gender roles are frequently implicated in women’s heightened vulnerability to HIV/ AIDS (MacPhail, Williams, & Campbell, 2002 Rosenthal & Levy, 2010 Wingood & DiClemente, 2002). Subsequently, a large body of health and science literature explores the social forces that may exacerbate a receptive sexual partner’s biological level of risk for HIV (MacPhail, Williams, & Campbell, 2002 Rosenthal & Levy, 2010 Wingood & DiClemente, 2002). HIV prevention researchers have long acknowledged the heightened risk of HIV transmission for sexually receptive partners ( Kingsley et al., 1987).
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